AZ Digitals Blog

The sustainability of cities all over the world is measured on the basis of the efforts they hold. These includes measuring efforts regarding sustainability goals & also holds dependencies on the current environmental performances as well as best practices. Hence, sustainable developments & sustainability also means keeping an eye on the Carbon emissions. Furthermore, encountering climate change, and other environmental practices leading to the slogan ‘Green Practices’ or ‘Go Green’.

THE GREEN CITY INDEX:

Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), is the one who has conducted the Green City Index series. Siemens is the sponsor for measuring the sustainability, and the acronym is EIU. Hence, a German based Multinational firm Siemens has developed this index or a unique tool for measuring future sustainability goals. The aim is to help cities benchmark their performances. On top of this, as well as share best practices for good results in future.

This series started in the year 2009, and significantly covers at least 120 Global cities. This is primarily in all continents that includes, Europe, Latin America, North America & Africa. Also includes some cities in Australia as well as in New Zealand. Hence, the last version of the series was published in the year 2012. This is after lots of research on many global cities environmental performance measurements. It is also a concern due to the growth in pollution in some of the most populated cities of the world. Addon to this, introducing measures to encounter health concerns due to excessive pollution. Similar to the report known as the Cities in Motion. Hence,the innumerable amount of lessons contained in the series holds huge intentions. These are intentions to help cities learn from each other, with debates on various environmental policies. Furthermore, coming up with different strategies for minimising the environmental footprints.

INDICATORS OF GREEN CITY INDEX- ‘STEPS TOWARDS CHANGE’:

There are some key indicators that are adopted by the Green City Index Series also depending on the region. These includes, CO2 emissions, energy, building management, land usage, transport, water and sanitation. Also, includes the most important ones, i.e. waste management & air quality. Finally, Environmental Governance indicator being the major ones in the distinguished list. Hence, the specific indicators differ slightly from one index to another. This is while taking into consideration the availability of data for accurately measuring sustainable performances. Furthermore, as part of a key consideration it also includes some unique challenges in each region.

Some of the Top cities according to the Green City Index are as follows;

COPENHAGEN:

Amongst the European cities, Copenhagen, the Capital city of Denmark is on top of the list for Green City Index. However, the two cities that are close to Copenhagen are Stockholm and Oslo. These are also cities from the Nordic region which are not far behind from Copenhagen. Stockholm, being the Capital city of Sweden, while Oslo, the Capital of Norway, both lies in the region of Scandinavia.

The Danish capital also has an extensive public transport system that includes a well designed Metro system. Also includes, sub-urban railway and bus networks. On top of this, the Danish Capital Copenhagen also aims to be the “world’s best cycle city”.

SINGAPORE:

One of the Asia’s best city, Singapore is the top performer in the Asian Green City Index. This is not surprisingly as they have shown good results across all individual categories. Hence, this is since 1965 when the city first gained its independence. The Government has emphasised the importance of sustainability in many diverse ways. These ways includes through holistic planning & high-density development and finally green-space conservation.

SAN FRANCISCO:

The US city San Francisco tops the list of cities from USA and Canada. Hence, driven by strong policies across all the categories. This is particularly in the category of Waste Management which has been identified as a particular strength of San Francisco.

The dynamic US city has been a trailblazer especially in partnering with the private sector on some innovative green initiatives. These green initiatives also includes energy-efficiency awareness programs. Hence, these are designed programs particularly for the funding of green improvements.

DURBAN, CAPE TOWN & JOHANNESBURG:

The leading cities of South Africa that have topped in the African index are Durban, Johannesburg and Cape Town. These are mainly because of their commitments to strategies. Also includes, codes and plans for the monitoring of the urban environment in South Africa. As an example of the sustainable developments in the three South African cities. The metropolitan city Cape Town has been lately most prominent with best results. This is especially due to strong policy developments for the containment of urban sprawl. On top of this, as well as for the protection of green space. The rest of the two, i.e. Johannesburg and Durban also generally performed pretty well for environmental policies. This is the main reasons why they are in the African list along with the gorgeous Cape Town.

There are many endangered species as a result of the effects of climate change or a number of different reasons all over the globe. Also found in Canada as well as in China is the Giant Panda. Therefore, as being among the most endangered species on the planet, belongs to the bear family. All the mentioned endangered species have been taken particular care of, considered as one of the challenges of this Eco-system

Furthermore, the way to fight these challenges mostly regarded as dangers due to their survival. A good instance of the dangers associated with endangered species in Asia is'Tiger searching'. According to the Wildlife Protection Act, this is something that was prohibited for a restricted time period. This is really for the recovery of the population of Tigers. Among the largest challenges for endangered species in vast land Canada is'Climate Change.

The extreme weather conditions can acquire volatility. Exposing the lifestyles of many species aside from the habitats, due to the warming temperatures. Especially, in the North of Canada in a vulnerable place. According to older species expert from WWF i.e. Worldwide Fund Canada, clarified there are indirect and direct effects of climate change on specific species. Some of the very endangered species found in Canada are mentioned below;

VANCOUVER ISLAND MARMOT

As the Name Implies is found in Vancouver, British Columbia. In accordance with COSEWIC, it's Canada's most endangered mammal for several obvious reasons. The Vancouver Island Marmot is in the barking family endemic to Vancouver Island. Not found any place in the world is the rodent type, as this obviously means. Therefore, coming in the assortment of rare species from the Canadian areas. This is according to research that has given close estimates. There are roughly 200 Vancouver Island Marmots abandoned in the world, and the stress is with respect to the amounts. Before being discharged into the wild, a number of them are raised in captivity. The Vancouver Island Marmot lives in colonies in the hills on Vancouver Island. It has threats from Wolves, Cougars, along with a reduction of habitat. Hence, all this has been a huge cause of their numbers becoming low.

The Climate Change taking place in Canada has been a huge cause. Moreover, because it has caused the growth of coniferous trees. These are up the incline of the hills the marmots live on. Consequently, this has caused the habitat to the psychologist. Ironically, a lot of trees may limit the ability of the rodents to see their predators approaching for food. Furthermore, in warmer temperatures because of the consequences of climate change. Hence, it gets to allow them difficult to hibernate in the snow in the winter season. In other words, hibernation gets tough in warmer temperatures.

CHINOOK SALMON:

Found from the Canadian waters is a sort of fish called Chinook Salmon. They reside in the colder upper reaches of the Pacific Ocean. On top of this, they breed in freshwater rivers and streams in the Pacific Northwest. A kind of fish species that is vital for the machine as they enrich the terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Also regarded as a highly important food resource for species. Additionally includes southern resident killer whale as well as the Steller Sea Lion.

This is according to the WWF that the heating weather temperatures are significantly influencing. Obviously, the capacity of the fish for the interest of migrations. For food and for the purpose of spawning, the migration has restrictions to certain places.

'The Unicorn of the Sea' is another title for the Narwhal. This is primarily because of its distinct spiralled tusk. The cause of this is because the whale employs the ice for the sake of feeding. According to the WWF, the Narwhals are moving much closer to the shorelines. This is where the food is rare, the rationale being the new presence of killer whales.

According to an environmentalist, various studies have proven that Narwhal is significantly more vulnerable than all the arctic marine mammals. Due to the massive threats which were introduced by climate change.

THE NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE:

The North Atlantic Right Whale is included in the listing of endangered & threatened species, and the reason is it is seriously endangered. For the North Atlantic Right Whale, the limited quantity of numbers left in the world is four hundred.

This is along the eastern seaboard and migrates to the southern waters of the USA, i.e. throughout the winter season.

As a result of Climate Change and Global heating in the Ocean. A Copepod, i.e. an invertebrate is a food supply for The North Atlantic Right Whale. This food source is shifting towards areas with no protections in place. Particularly, as the North Atlantic Right Whale follows them in those regions. These motions are less or more towards the North to colder waters. This really is a sad story that is much like The Southern Resident Killer Whales, according to the conservationists.

The Conservationists further added that we're observing every birth that's happening. Hence, in addition to keeping a track of each and every passing. This is vital because it's a population that is in trouble and just below five hundred. Each and every birth and death is a matter that requires analysis. Simply, on account of the small number of amounts of North Atlantic Right Whale abandoned in the world.

Hence, observed around Canada, because of Worldwide observation. It's really an international day using a worldwide mission to stop food wastage. Mainly for sustainability reasons and for the sake of the ecosystem. An attempt that'll unquestionably be a huge boost for ecological health & security precautions. All these are worldwide measures in place all around the globe. It's observed especially in Canada to the interest of environmental security and exceptionally synchronized efforts that are being made for Environmental safety & health.

Canada is a country that is quite aware of its uniform campaigns regarding food wastage. Furthermore, they have incredibly increased their performance levels in reference to the. Their efforts are parallel & synchronized with the efforts of many health & safety stakeholders. These stakeholders also include restaurants and takeaways. Canada is a multicultural & diverse society with all people, notable immigrants from other nations of the earth. Viewed as a challenge in vast land Canada will be the federal food conservation attempts. A nation that is aware as a result of sustainability reasons in addition to climate change.

Your afternoon is a huge acknowledgement of their efforts of this Canadian Govt. Ironically, in cooperation with the folks, i.e. the authentic citizens of Canada. It's ironic that these efforts are for environmental awareness and bringing novelty into food reforms. The meals health & security bodies in Canada are playing their role considerably every day. Although Canada is a gigantic property, and also regional food reforms are a struggle. Something which should be injected into Canadian society. Thus, this really is a CSR or even a Corporate Social Responsibility for all the Food Health & Safety bodies legitimately busy in Canada. However, the efforts will need to be more persistent and consistent in key areas of the Food Industry.

BRINGING EDUCATION & AWARENESS IN PEOPLE:

While bringing your fight closer once we fight food waste. The assignment is to draw attention and also at the identical time instruct individuals. Thus, with respect to the possible hazards of food wastage. This really is by way of awareness and educational programs at all levels. In addition to the, as well as making people conscious of their attached pitfalls of food wastage. These are disadvantages to these surroundings in addition to the hazards attached to the financial climate in Canada. Furthermore, the mission aims to be practical, creative and bringing impact ways to change behaviours regards to food wastage.

Food Produced worldwide holds a huge percentage of food wasted or lost, i.e. 35%. This is based on the study on World Wide Food Wastage. Increase for this, wasted or lost per year worldwide is just a mammoth 43 per cent of vegetables, fruits & origin crops. The annual price of food payable from the Avg. American family is $1,966 based on research in the United States. Surprisingly, 8% of the greenhouse gas emissions per year are brought on by food reduction and degradation.

These stats are rewarding enough to establish that Canada needs to improve their efforts on global food wastage. Hence, for this purpose, they will need to be much more aggressive esteem to the policy frame. Furthermore, the regulations in place from the food market.

Sustainability, an aspect in modern industrialisation that has changed the course of things in multiple ways. This is primarily a huge requirement due to many concerns. These are concerns that mostly relates to climate change. Apart from these, the greenhouse gases, pollution control and many other green practices. Why are green practices so necessary in modern times? Moreover, for sake of evaluation, how these practices are measured & monitored? There are many answers to this and many drivers in usage. Ironically, the ones that are used to measure the environmental sustainability index of a company. Interestingly, an environmental sustainability index is a mathematical measurement. Also known as an ‘ESI’, its a measure of overall progress towards environmental sustainability. More clearly, it shows how sustainable is the company and its progress towards sustainability.

THE KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF MNC’S:

Sustainable measures are being part of the CSR activities. Obviously, a set of activities that are mandatory in the corporate & business world. ‘CSR’, an acronym for Corporate Social Responsibility needs attention in current times. Significantly, due to the environmental measures & climate change that is a huge global concern. Especially, for large companies also known as Multinational Companies or MNC’s. The MNC sector invests billions of dollars towards CSR. Along with the CSR other environmental sustainability measures. Importantly, to make sure that they stick with the ‘Green Agenda’ & their ‘Green policies’.

In simple words one of the biggest responsibilities for the protection of the planet is more evident in current times. Strategically, falls on the corporate shoulders of the largest corporations. Hence, many MNC’s are making consistent & constant moves forward. Alternatively, more towards making environmentally friendly businesses & ‘Green Practices’.

The Google’s parent firm Alphabet & Tesla are some prime examples. Apart from these, the leading COVID-19 vaccine developer AstraZaneca were among the global 100 Index for the year 2021. Statistically, this is according to Corporate Knights, ranking the world’s most sustainable corporations. Considered as a vital sustainability benchmark is the Corporate Knights Global 100 index. Hence, this is for the sake of corporate sustainability every year. Finally, the Global 100 companies represent the top percent in the world on sustainability performance. Here is the list of Top 10;

1. SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC:

Named as the most sustainable company in the world Schneider Electric is a France based firm. Hence, the company is a renowned European multinational energy and automation provider. Surprisingly, the firm has moved many levels up from number 29^th last year to number ‘1’ position in 2021′. This is primarily after following strict measures. More importantly, for continuous sustained commitments and green practices. Hence, as part of its early sustainable targets, the company Schneider was recognised globally. Finally, these commitments are for environmental, social and governance issues. According to the CEO of Schneider Electric in his recent briefings. All of us- companies, governments, & the individuals. Practically, all stakeholders can & should contribute to make the world more Greener. Apart from being green more inclusive in terms of combined efforts.

2. ORSTED:  

The Danish company ‘Orsted’ has proved and improved significantly. The oath of the company is to fight climate change through renewable energy. It is the second most sustainable company on the planet.  Impact fully, has been the most sustainable company in the world since three consecutive years, i.e. 2018, 2019 & 2020. Schneider Electric, the French company took the no. 1 position in just 2021. However, by the year 2025, the company aims to be Carbon neutral. Previously, it has transformed its business from fossil fuels to renewable energy. They are still one of the largest renewable energy developers in the world.

3. BANCO DO BRASIL:

Banco Do Brasil, is a Brazilian financial company and the largest Bank by assets in Brazil and Latin America. The company has consistently been one of the most sustainable in the world. It was formed approximately 212 years ago, and is highly active in Green practices. Banco Do Brasil, The South American firm highly aims to be inclusive and also aims to digitally transform society. Hence, through the provision of internet access and  contributions to education. They have been doing this since last century through stimulating innovation and entrepreneurs. Ranked previously at number 9 in the Top 10 sustainability list. Surprisingly, it has moved to number 3 in the list of Global Sustainability Rankings.

4. NESTE:

The company is known for its renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuel and development of chemical recycling. Chemical recycling is to combat plastic waste and bringing innovation in refining raw materials into renewable fuels. The company is definitely leading the way in sustainability on a daily basis. It’s a Finland based firm, and has dropped one position from third place to fourth in a year’s time. However, it’s been in the list Corporate Knights Global 100 for consecutively 15 years.

5. STANTEC:

‘Stantec’ is a Canadian firm based in Edmonton, Canada. The company is one of the world’s most sustainable companies, it also leads the ways for North America. Hence, the agendas are clean revenue and clean investment. That is goods and services with a highly clear environmental and social benefits.

6. McCORMICK & COMPANY:

Ranked as the sixth most sustainable corporation in the world and is also a leader in the food industry. Packaged and processed foods business firm, the company is a US-based company, and holds sustainable priorities in the food industry. Since its index debut five years ago. Surprisingly, the company has moved 16 positions this year to enter the top 10 list.

7. KERING:

Kering is a French firm & the parent company of Gucci, Saint Laurent, Bottega Veneta, Ulysse Nardin & Pomellato. It is the only luxury conglomerate to make the list of top 10 most sustainable companies.

8. METSO OUTOTEC:

‘Metso Outotec’ is a Finland based firm with headquarters in Helsinki, Finland. Described as a front-runner in sustainable technologies. It also ranks very high in services for aggregates, mineral processing and recycling industries. The firm aims to make a sustainable impact on the planet with consistent ‘Green Developments’.

9. AMERICAN WATER WORKS COMPANY:

For transparency and leadership, American Water Works company is a highly recognised American firm. It was founded in 1886, in USA and is the largest publicly traded water and wastewater utility firm.

10. CANADIAN NATIONAL RAILWAY:

Canadian national railway surprisingly ranks number 10 in the distinguished list of companies. Uniquely, it is the only railway company in the world to make it in the Top 10 list for 2021. Along with UN Global compact standards, and UN Sustainable Development goals, the goals of Canadian National Railways are aligned. It is a railway conglomerate and follows a global standard for sustainability measures.

Canada, the second largest nation in the world and the largest in North America. More importantly, lies third in the list of countries with the highest composition of forests. This is vitally in proportion to area of the country. It is also third with respect to the covered area from forests. Comparatively, to the total forest region in the whole world. These stats are good enough to show the importance of forests. Significantly, for the second largest country of the world and the largest country in North America. According to world stats Canada is third with 34.1%. These stats are w.r.t composition of forest land with total area, where Russia is 49.40% and Brazil 61.90%.

Apart from incredible values attached to wild life, forests are a huge source of plenty of natural resources. According to stats from OFIA, i.e. Ontario Forest Industries Association. Ontario is the province which has 66% of Ontario’s land covered with forests. Statistically, followed by Nova Scotia 75%, and New Brunswick at 85%. This shows that Ontario is the hub of key activities in Canada’s provinces. More importantly, also consists of Toronto and Ottawa as the key cities. Furthermore, it is also ahead in terms of forestry and forestry management in Canada.

WHY IT HOLDS HUGE IMPORTANCE?

The incredible values attached to sustainable forestry management provides the long term health of Ontario’s forests and its sustainability. It also provides to a huge extent social, economic and finally environmental benefits to the inhabitants of Ontario. Amongst the publicly owned forests, Crown lands is a mammoth 90% of Ontario’s forests. Included in list of managed forests is 44% of the Crown lands. Hence, the key activities of forest management in Ontario are managed by the law for sustainability. Obviously, the benefits that are associated with Sustainable forest management for the sake of helping the Ontario’s forests are as follows:

• For the sake of forests to remain healthy and productive
• To support various Ontario communities in providing recreational activities that includes hiking, hunting, fishing and more.
• For the provision of a healthy living environment
• To support a very strong & productive forest industry. Also providing people with job opportunities and different forest products.
• For the conservation of biodiversity, and for the protection of wildlife and natural habitat. As well as for the reduction of build-up of greenhouse gases that is a huge cause of climate change.

HOW TO MANAGE CROWN FORESTS- ONTARIO FORESTRY:

Regards to managing the Crown Forests in Ontario that accounts for 44% of total crown forests. More importantly, there are some vital regulations in place. The Crown forests sustainability Act are the set of regulations for the protection and sustainable use of Ontario’s forested lands. For the ultimate goals of achieving sustainable forest management, the following are some rules in place;

• A proper forest management planning system in place
• A compliance program & highly independent audits for the monitoring of forest progress.
• A highly comprehensive system of rules, regulations, policies, key standards and important guidance.
• A properly designed reporting system on all the aspects of forest management.

 FUTURE FORESTS MANAGEMENT PLANS:

Regards to the future forests management plans there are plenty of activities in place and planned in advance. The following are the forest management plans:

• The plans are prepared for a period that lasts for at least a decade.
• They are according to the forest management planning manual.

The main aim is sustainability in parallel to finding a balance of social, environmental and economic values.

Canada has increased its steps towards food waste reduction and introduced new reforms, measures & prospective initiatives for the food waste reduction program 2030.

Estimates shows that more than half of Canada’s food supply is wasted on a record of yearly stats & 49.5 billion of that food waste is highly unavoidable. There are many resources through which the food is wasted. From farms in form of raw food to plate (Servings). On top of this, there is a lot of wastage of food during the production & processing. Hence, finally the distribution process, i.e. in the final process of Supply Chain. Apart from this in the retail industry, food-service and providers & virtually even at home the wastage of food is a common phenomenon. How it’s hurting the environment is a question of greater importance for the Government? Furthermore, the drawbacks of food waste on environmental sustainability are the two key primary aspects that needs immense pondering.

According to the Minister Bibeau, the Ministry is affirmative with the reductions in food waste. Ironically, the efforts are proving good with so many positive reasons. It helps in saving the consumers money in many ways. Hence, brings drastic improvements in the food security according to international standards. It also is a huge step in providing support to the agriculture and food sector.

Primarily, as the agriculture sector in Canada provides huge amounts of profits annually. Significantly, being one of the biggest contributors in the Canadian economic system. The most significant thing that is best for environmental sustainability is the reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions. These are some of the exciting challenges that Govt. has taken care of. Furthermore, with research & innovation they keep finding ways of reducing food waste across the supply chain.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS REGARDS TO FOOD WASTE:

According to World stats regards to food waste. A significant 8% of all the Greenhouse gases worldwide are a result of the food waste. This is not only figures related to Canada, but overall in the entire world.

Hence, the Food Policy for Canada is a complete road-map for a much healthier and more sustainable food system in Canada. The Canadian Govt. is playing its vital part very actively as they know the hazards that relates to the environment due to wastage. It’s also part and parcel of the Govt’s ambitious agenda to work for the support of the food business owners, stakeholders related to food businesses & the hard-working farmers of Canada.

Canada’s food policy is designed in such a way that it will significantly help the country meet its requirements under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Part of these goals is the oath of the Govt. to reduce hunger, promotion of good health & safe environment, cut down food waste to higher extent and finally encourage sustainable food systems.

It’s the vital commitment of the country Canada to the UN’s agenda of 2030 for Sustainable development. According to the agenda of UN halve per capita global food waste at the retail sector and the consumer levels. Apart from this useful reductions in food losses during productions & supply chains. This also includes the post-harvest losses, and needs to be attained in a period of decade, i.e. by 2030.

The sustainable renewal of the Canadian economy has huge dependencies. These dependencies are on how effectively can the Govt. of Canada make fruitful investments in the Ecosystem. Hence, according to a sustainability report from The World Economic forum’s most recent Global risk report. It reveals that the top five threats for survival are environmental. As an example, we can mention the 2013 southern Alberta floods which caused $2billion in insurable losses. Therefore, it needs heavy investing in the ecosystems to bring sustainable developments to the Canadian economy.

This is simply a demonstration of the number of losses that occur. This is when during the city planning the natural ecosystem is not taken into consideration. Yet another disaster happened in the same year. A major flood in the city of Toronto resulted in insured property damage of approximately $850 million. The two disasters are one of the costliest in the history of the Canadian economy.

Some more realistic research includes The Canadian Food Inspection Agency. According to the estimates, the annual impacts of invasive species on the Great Lakes and the agriculture and forestry sectors account for $30 billion per year. Furthermore, regards to Forestry, The Canadian forest Service estimates that the Emerald Ash Borer invasion will result in a huge amount. Hence, this needs heavy investing of $ 2 billion in tree damage. This also includes the removal and replacement over the next 30 years.

WHAT IS AN ECOSYSTEM?

Known as the Ecosystem, this is a segment of a country or defined area. It includes all the living organisms. Also, comprises species including plants, trees, and other living things. Defined in a more sophisticated way as the interaction between two. These interactions are between the living organisms and the non-living components in a particular area.

A variety of the types of natural ecosystems found in Canada are forests & wetlands. Furthermore, includes grasslands, tundra lakes, rivers, and the coastal and marine systems. Modified according to the needs of natural ecosystems. This happened after a series of transformations made for and by humans in form of investments. The transformation or the modifications of these ecosystems is into urban centers and agricultural lands. Therefore, the care of these transformed ecosystems is the sole responsibility of the Govt. and environmental agencies in sustainable Canada.

FORESTS & WETLANDS CANADA- A KEY PART OF THE ECOSYSTEM:

While we discuss further the ecosystems in Canada. We must know that the forests in Canada cover a huge land of the whole area of Canada, i.e. 40% of the area. These are huge figures for a country that is massive in area. Hence, 2^nd only to Russia in forest percentage to the area, and total covered area. This area is a huge 347 million hectares and accounts for approximately 9% of the total World’s forests. Forests are a great source of natural resources for the economy as they provide food, timber, medicines, and other less obvious services. Includes water filtration, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration as part of the services. These services are claimed to be less obvious ones. Automatically, the more the covered area, the more investment needs to be done.

The wetlands in Canada also play a huge part in their ecosystems known formally as ecology. It covers over approximately 150 million hectares in Canada or 15% of Canada and a huge quarter i.e. 25% of the World’s Wetlands. As compared with the rest of the World’s Wetlands. A quarter i.e. 25% is considered huge although it doesn’t seem huge in writing. These are essential resources for water filtration, water flows, and obviously flood control. Flood control and water flows are a major part of the environmental sustainability aspects in Canada that needs investing higher amounts annually.

ECOSYSTEM AT RISK IN CANADA & DAMAGE CONTROL MEASURES:

Impacts associated with the risks can be heavy in terms of sustainable developments. To the Eco-system, the number of risks associated is huge in terms of magnitude in Canada. The Canadians, however, may not be aware of the number of risks their Eco-system and economy are facing. These risks include the loss of fish and the loss of animals to hunt.

Also, includes the flowering plants that help in delivering functions for the pollinators as well as many of our crops. Highly critical for sustenance is reducing the huge amount of risks faced by the Ecosystem. This is so that the citizens keep enjoying the goods and services provided in the ecology.

Other major resources from the Ecosystem at risk are the Wetlands. The role of the Wetlands is also huge in flood and erosion control. Therefore, it needs necessary investing in sustainability projects for the Wetlands. They also play a major part in pest management, groundwater recharge and retention, pollution abatement, and the key maintenance of biodiversity. Part of the recreational assets used in Canada is bird watching & waterfowl hunting. The losses need to be controlled as it would lead to huge costs for the region. These costs are in terms of damage and maintenance due to flooding. Other vital grey areas that need investing for sustainable developments are mainly for the sake of damage control measures when flooding is expected.

Food waste management is an ongoing issue of the modern world. Handling the issue globally takes a great deal. Furthermore, what it takes in terms of the sustainable efforts for food waste management is a mega concern. It is indeed a growing threat to the Canadian economy, society and the environment. The issue has now lead the Governments, businesses, NGOs and the academics. Furthermore, the public to attach the significance importance to its management. The issue of Food waste is indeed a global challenge of the modern world. This is largely because of its contributions to climate change and loss of bio diversity. Also includes declining the water quality, soil degradation and food insecurity.

In the current times the biggest question that arises is how we can reduce the waste of plates? While raising the environmental consciousness amongst the Canadian youth. Ironically, the main thing is to bring a reduction in the habit of plate waste. As best practice i.e. through environmental management, the targets of Food Waste reduction can be easily achieved. Hence, as environmental education should be considered with special emphasis on green attitudes. This is also highly linked with green consumption and pro-environmental behaviour.

 ‘DAILY FOOD WASTE & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT’:

According to the stats that relate to daily food waste, average figures from the whole world. It’s around 40% of food waste generated daily was actually consumable. The best practices that relates to environmental management is individual action. These practices should be to minimise the wastage associated with food individually on a day-to-day basis. As part of the Green practices and marketing campaigns that are in practice. Also, those that are related to Green developments, the agenda should be minimising food waste. Multinationals especially Fast Food chains e.g. KFC and Mac Donald’s hold a mega role on a globalised scale.

Also, as part of environmental practices the key thing that should be kept in mind is the identification of hazards associated with food waste i.e. climate change, loss of bio diversity, effects to water quality, soil degradation & food insecurity. Being a global issue, it concerns health problems as well and is a growing concern especially for the developed nations.        

 ‘CONSUMER’S EFFORTS TOWARDS FOOD WASTE’:

The consumer’s efforts towards food waste management holds higher priorities in Canada in terms of the CSR i.e. Corporate Social Responsibility elements. This is part of the individual best practices towards sustainable developments towards food waste management.

As part of their responsible attitude the consumers should also keep a track. This is in terms of strict monitoring on just how much they are spending on food on a weekly basis. Apart from this how much they are consuming is also a big question mark? Going far away in terms of reducing the waste, the concerns should include more sustainable purchasing decisions.

As an example having the consumers opt for compo-stable coffee pods i.e. made entirely from plant based materials. Hence, it’s a guilt free way for responsible consumers to enjoy their coffee cup without bringing harm to the environment. Wherever possible, the consumers must opt for reusable alternatives. Using packed plastic food storage products e.g. Tupperware and freezer bags etc. that are actually good for food storage. These products can extend the time how long food can stay usable before spoiling.

Being a huge country from North America Canada is massive in a covered area. Linked with the environment & ecology of Canada, there is a wide range of Eco-systems. The area that covers lakes and rivers is approximately 7% of Canada’s total area. In the North i.e. the northernmost part of Canada only 12% of the land is found suitable for agriculture due to harsh & extreme climate conditions. Most of the country has very extreme weather conditions and harsh climate i.e. not well for agriculture. Hence, there are many sustenance and environmental sustainability issues in Canada. These are monitored in form of policies from Govt. of Canada.

The Canadian culture and its economic values are very much like it’s a neighbor and twin country in the United States of America. However, climate conditions all over the USA are not extreme in terms of the living environment. Hence, the country is far better in terms of agriculture. The biggest industry in Canada is the extraction of natural resources. These resources include oil, gas, and Uranium being the three major ones.

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES CANADA:  

The sustenance & environmental issues in Canada are a huge point of concern. This is largely due to climate change which is happening at a higher rate. The country’s concern is highly related to the impacts of Climate change. Therefore, the Govt. is working on policies to combat them at a much faster rate. From O&G i.e. Oil & Gas operations, a huge amount of wealth is generated annually. The O&G sector accounts for a quarter of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions.

Apart from the weather conditions of Canada that are extreme in most areas. A huge amount of the population lives in urban areas. Hence, the cities are notorious for their poor air quality, which varies area wise i.e. rural. The organization Environment Canada is highly responsible for taking care of the environment in the country. In addition to this, the monitoring of weather conditions and climate change in Canada.

The organization in mid of 2020, has raised huge sustenance & environmental concerns that are affecting the wildlife in Canada. On top of this, the vegetation, soil, and water as well. Environment Canada has further claimed that the air pollution that is mainly in cities i.e. urban areas. Hence, it’s a huge cause of acid rain. Acid rain is a huge contributor to climate change which is a great cause of concern. Significantly, the percentage of acid rain is increasing every year in the country. Simply for the sake of avoiding future hazards. For the sake of controlling and monitoring environmental activities. There are huge steps that are needed to avoid concerns of the Canadian Govt.

THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES OF CANADA:

Regarded as mandatory policies by Environment Canada. The implementation is strictly needed by the Govt. of Canada for sustenance issues. The purpose is the protection of the Canadian environment and future sustenance. This includes lakes, rivers, and all kinds of another environment which is mostly ice and forest regions as well. Environment Canada is working hard to make policies that are for the betterment of the environment and environmental sustainability. The main aim was to encounter specific air pollutants. As key legislation, the introductory Act was the Environment Protection Act. This happened in the year 1999, exactly 21 years from today, as a sustainability measure. The Act has had many amendments and additions since it was first introduced.

The country has reached a huge amount of environmental agreements that are with the international community. It was one of those countries who were the first ones to recognize the importance of climate change policies. Hence, Canada was the first developed nation to ratify the UN Convention on biological diversity. The Govt. of Canada’s efforts have highly safeguarded almost 10%. This is a huge area i.e. landmass and a huge 3 million hectares of Ocean. These efforts are on the move on a daily basis for the environmental sustainability of Canada.

The action for Climate change and global awareness has grown significantly since the last few decades. This also includes political pressures and many other pressures creating awareness for global climate action. The recent fires in Australia are a true example. This is because it has caused a great sense of urgency for climate action in the current year i.e. 2020. In Canada, awareness has increased since the last few years especially due to political pressures. Canada has a defined agenda that they shall be dealing with while tackling the climate change issues in 2020.

THE GLOBAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:

There have been huge protests and people came on streets across Canada. Climate action was a single agenda. For the identification of climate change issues, global protests took place. A huge example includes the efforts of Greta Thunberg, the 2003 born Swedish activist. The girl who played an active part in protests against climate change. She protested in front of the Swedish parliament at a very young age. Nominated for the Noble peace prize i.e. in 2019 and 2020. This was just for the sake of her efforts globally for climate change and action awareness.

There are lots of conversations, developments, and dialogues that revolve around the hot topic of climate change. This especially relates to the challenges and agendas of 2020. Discussions related to the building of the pipeline and other significant problems that relate to carbon taxes. However, the advocates and delegates that relates to the oil industry. They have pointed out that Canada is responsible for less than 2% of all global emissions. Having said that if we compare the Per Capita emissions with the G7 countries. In terms of PerCapita emissions of the highly industrialized countries i.e. G7. Canada is placed number 2, just next to the USA in the Top 7 rankings.  On the road to a low carbon future and sustainability in climate change. There are four climate change issues that the Canadian Government needs to tackle immediately.

DECIDING THE FATE OF THE FRONTIER OIL SANDS MINE:

According to relevant data and stats from Natural Resources Canada. It shows that the oil and gas sector in Canada currently holds the number 1 spot. This is in terms of the source for greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. These are forecasts that are expectedly going up.

There is a cap that has been imposed on the O&G sector by the provincial government. In case if the Frontier mine is built. The overall emissions would still remain below the cap. The Govt. of Canada imposed this cap for monitoring and control. Hence, this means the decision must be affirmative however, scenarios can fluctuate. More output means the reductions in overall emissions in Canada will increase instead of decreasing. This will happen in-case if the emissions will stay below Alberta’s imposed cap.

However, if we talk about the Govt. of Alberta. They are quiet affirmative that they need the economic activity that the resource sector brings. The federal govt. should live up to the environmental commitments and must ensure that the level of emissions comes down.

PRODUCE MORE CLEAN POWER:

According to what an environmentalist Mr. Jaccard said: “Phase out the coal and don’t replace it with the natural gas.” The government should now work more on the generating of electricity. They must do this by using more cleaner and refined resources. This is similarly true just like the government must reduce the emissions from cars and trucks. Climate change issues need to be resolved with a designed strategy for the reduction of carbon emissions.

A strategy to reduce emissions that have been impactful in many ways. As countries in Scandinavia has been active in replacing their vehicles with electric cars. A massive thought for the environment making it a pollution-free and clean place to live. The organization Clean Energy Canada, who are actively working for a better environment in Canada. They believe that the efforts of Ontario from 2007 to 2014 were truly awesome. These were in terms of cutting emissions by 17%. According to research its equivalent to bringing 7 million cars off the road. These stats mean business for Canada as it’s a significant percentage in terms of reducing emissions in 2020.

Talking in terms of the overall electricity generation in Canada, Coal accounts for a little less than nine percent. Coal has been responsible for over 75% of all emissions for electricity generation in the year 2017. Not replacing coal will highly affect Canada in terms of the overall emissions footprint.

THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE CLIMATE CRISIS:

The climate crisis is full of challenges as well as opportunities. People think there are more challenges than there are opportunities. However, the environmentalists believe that’s not true. With climate change and its efforts on a global scale, the opportunities are expanding every day. However, addressing the climate crisis requires more systematic changes in 2020. The actions that need to be taken care of decarbonizing the transportation sector and electricity generation. Hence, the government needs to make appropriate policies so that combined efforts and actions work in parallel.

People will benefit more from calm environments, quieter cities, and a more diverse economy. Environmentalist Mr. Jaccard thinks positively for Politicians. According to him climate-sincere politicians in order to cut emissions down. They would need to regulate the carbon pricing or bring carbon pricing to higher levels.

REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM CARS AND TRUCKS:

One of the most important steps that Govt. should take immediately. It is reducing the emissions from cars and trucks (larger vehicles) as part of their 2020 agenda. The concentration of most Canadians is those living in provinces. From non-polluting sources, the process of electricity consumption takes place in some Canadian provinces. The province of Ontario’s reliance is mostly on nuclear, hydroelectric, and wind power resources. Alberta is a province that still is heavily dependent on coal.

However, the most crucial actions that must be taken by the government. It is the reduction of emissions from cars and trucks down to zero.

Transportation in Canada that includes mainly cars and trucks accounts for 24% of overall emissions. Bringing the auto market to zero emissions is the best way for a low-emissions future. The reason is the transportation industry. It can control carbon emissions at least 24% to 10-12 % in at least 3 years. For this the govt. has to invest more in electric vehicle technology, charging stations, and public transit. Smarter policies to cut down carbon will bring the rest of the change.

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Environment and environmental sustainability is the intense need of the world. For Canada, the goals and demands have extensively changed. Canada’s Climate change plans need many environment teams and efforts that are aligned for the sake of attaining climate change plans for Canada.

ENVIRONMENT TEAMS

Environmental teams in the North American nation live in a very fantasy world. If the govt. thinks that it will meet its greenhouse-gas guarantees. They can do it while not reducing what quantity oil and gas the country produces. 

Environment groups told the planet at a worldwide conference on temperature change weekday. Environmental Defense and Stand. Earth used international organization climate talks in Polska to unleash a replacement report. Hence, accusatory the oil and gas trade of undermining Canada’s climate plans.

Dale Marshall said: Oil and gas are the foremost obstacles to the North American nation. He laid emphasis on saying, really being a climate leader and not simply talking concerning being a climate leader. (national program manager for Environmental Defense)

The report accuses the trade-off with success lobbying the North American nation. This is to water down climate policies or exempts them from them. Furthermore, delaying cuts to gas emissions from oil-production facilities. Also, exempting up to eighty % of oil sands emissions. These emissions are from the federal carbon worth because of a kick in next year.

MARSHALL SAID

Canada’s policies to permit oil sands production to expand. Even shopping for the Trans Mountain pipeline to facilitate that growth, is counter-intuitive for a government that keeps claiming. It desires to be at the forefront of world climate action. Sustainable development for the environment.

PATRICK MCDONALD’S VIEWS

The director of the climate for the Canadian Association of Oil Producers, unemployed the report. He did that as a “targeted effort by interest teams. Patrick further said that the efforts are staring only at our trade i.e. Canadian oil and gas trade. He said that it is just one within the whole world. Innovations are being carried out i.e. scale back. Hence, these are the emissions that were subjected to a carbon tax.

“We’ve been terribly active and really environment accountable,” he said. The report, however, says about the emissions from every barrel of oil made in North America. It adds that the nation has full-grown twenty % between 1990 and 2016. A great effort and another good measure for the environment. Hence, these collective efforts for environment and sustainability are the immediate demand for vast land Canada.

“There are heaps of states WHO, like the North American nation. Hence, they appear to be underneath the impression. The impressions are that their fossil fuels are somehow completely different from everybody else’s fossil fuels.” Catherine Abreu

CATHERINE ABREU THOUGHTS AND IDEAS ABOUT ENVIRONMENT

The chief director of Climate Action Network North American nation. Aforementioned at a press conference at the meeting in Polska weekday. That even, if the trade will use technology to scale back emissions per unit of oil, gas, or coal made. This is simply a brief fix in a very world. The goal is the prevention of fossil fuels entirely, this is wherever the semi-permanent setup is present. 

She was aforementioned that there are heaps of states WHO, like the North American nation, appear to be underneath the impression that their fossil fuels are somehow completely different from everybody else’s fossil fuels.

“As if their coal, oil, or gas is as by magic non-emitting and truly smart for the climate. In the Paris agreement, the worst of the temperature change. Hence, it meant the moving of the Paris treaty. This is in the agreement as everyone’s fossil fuels matters. In the cutting down of carbon emissions, all nations of the planet took the same oath. This is especially from fossil fuels. Therefore, the quantity of carbon pollution at bay within the atmosphere enough to stay the common world temperature from rising. 

No quite a pair of C compared to pre-industrial times. It was important to get to 5C as an attainable temperature. Hence, kept trying hard, imagined to keep the increase constantly. The distinction between the 2 is important. Hence, with millions a lot of individuals displaced at a pair of C because of rising ocean levels. Furthermore, extreme temperatures, and severe storms. Hence, similarly, it has serious impacts on the world’s food offer and bigger unfold of UN-wellness. In addition to this in line with the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on temperature change.

ADDITIONS REGARDS TO THE  ENVIRONMENT POLICIES

Right now the world’s environmental policies have it on the right track. The goal is to exceed three C in warming by the top of the century. North American nation is presently about to trim its emissions by concerning two hundred million tonnes a year. They appreciate what’s made by concerning forty-four million traveler cars. However, a recent international organization report from dozens of revered climate scientists aforementioned. They said that if the one 5 C target has any hope of being met. Hence,  Canada’s share of the required emissions reductions would be a lot of, as an example, four hundred million tonnes.

The oil-and-gas sector is one amongst the few are, as wherever emissions are still increasing in the North American nation. Tzeporah Berman, a global program director at Stand.earth, aforementioned if oil-sector emissions continue to grow. North American nation can get to “squeeze” each different province and trade to urge them to chop even a lot of.

Since most of the present set up address the best and most cost-effective reductions. Hence, we are able to get to cutting those different sectors. Therefore, more would need a lot of expensive and tough rules and policies of the environment, she said.

Finally, the Canadian province government is staring at capping, oil sands emissions at one hundred million tonnes a year. Hence, as a part of its climate set up, assuming to expand production. This is in addition to the technological advances to scale back the emissions from every barrel of oil made. However, no such environment-related policy has however been enforced.

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AddÉnergie is getting $4.5 million from Quebec, $1.5 million from Ottawa,
as well as an undisclosed investment from Quebec’s pension fund manager. The Quebec and federal government along with the province’s pension fund manager. They are investing new money into a Quebec City-based company with Govt. back-up. A company that makes charging stations for electric car. Hence, Quebec will invest $4.5 million in AddÉnergie, acquiring a stake in the company. While, the federal government will give the company $1.5 million said the representatives. A statement from both governments at a joint press conference.

At the same time, the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. They also announced an investment in the electric car company, i.e. its second. The dollar value of that investment was not disclosed.

Louis Tremblay, the company’s president and CEO, said AddÉnergie plans to use the money to support a plan. He also claimed that they intend to double the size — and production — of its factory in Shawinigan.

The new investments will also help the company “maintain our competitive advantage”. Furthermore, continue its expansion into the United States, Tremblay said.

In use in Canada and the United States built by AddEnergie are the recharging stations. Hence, there are currently 13,000 electric car recharging stations with Govt. backing.

AddÉnergie also operates the Flo network of electric car charging stations. Step-wise, which it says is the second-largest network of electric car charging stations in North America.

The company also makes charging stations for electric car used by Hydro-Québec in its Circuit électrique charging network.

The federal government announced that it will be giving $5 million to Hydro-Québec to expand that network. A huge step immensely showing the back-up of Govt. w.r.t. the circumstances.

QUEBEC SUSTAINABILITY EFFORTS:

Electric Car is a huge step in terms of the environmental factors and improving the climate change issues. Thus, the backing by the Government in this regards will definitely help in making Quebec a pollution free province. A plan that is for the sustainable future and environment of Quebec making it safe for all. Quebec, is indeed a rich province highly attracted by many migrants.

With the worldwide problem of plastic pollution increasingly on the restaurant and hospitality industry’s radar. Many businesses are making changes to help reduce plastic waste in their communities. For example, some foodservice operators are switching to biodegradable plastic. They are doing this to meet continued demand for single-use and takeaway products from customers. Accustomed to convenience the customers have high demands.

But what many might not realize is that if certain disposal methods are not being used. Biodegradable plastics will not actually help the environment.

Is Switching to Biodegradable Plastic Worth the Investment?

This is just one of many questions that food service and hospitality businesses are grappling. This is especially when it comes to reducing waste.

If investing in more environmentally-friendly alternatives to plastic has crossed your mind. Below are some pointers to help you assess. Whether its worth the time or not is the question, i.e. switching to biodegradable plastics?  Also, the effort and cost for your business.

Understanding Biodegradable vs. Conventional Plastics

Let’s start with some basics. Here is a list of definitions for different types of plastic material:

• Conventional Plastic or Simple Plastic = Made from petrochemicals (a.k.a. fossil fuels).

• Recycled Plastic = Made from recycled plastics rather than raw petrochemicals. Recycled plastic produces products of lower-grade plastic (e.g., plastic bottles recycled to create plastic benches or fence posts).

• Biodegradable = Plastics that can be broken down by microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) into the water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and some bio-material (i.e., compost).

• Bioplastics = A type of biodegradable plastic derived from biological or natural substances, such as corn starch or vegetable fats/oils, rather than from petroleum. Bioplastics generally produce a relatively lower net increase in carbon dioxide gas when they break down.

• Compostable = Many people confuse biodegradable with compostable. While they are similar, compostable products are biodegradable with an additional benefit: biodegradable
simply means the object can be biologically broken down, while compostable materials go one step further by providing the earth with nutrients once the material has completely
broken down in the form of compost or humus.

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Reasons for Switching to Biodegradable Plastic

According to a recent report from the United Nations Environment Program, each year the world produces more than 400 million tons of plastic materials. Taking up or more than a thousand years to decompose we are talking about many of those materials. However, the amount of plastic waste recycled that has been produced is 9% in all.

This is where biodegradable plastics can come in as a better alternative to conventional single-use plastics because:

1. Being equally resistant, durable, and versatile.
2. Under specific conditions, they can be 100% degradable.
3. They do not change the flavor or scent of the food contained.
4. They contribute less to climate change.
5. Their production reduces non-biodegradable waste that contaminates the environment.

Setting Up for a Successful Switch

The tricky thing about switching to biodegradable plastic materials is that there is no universal method to properly dispose of them, practices and need to know how your municipality and waste hauler handle the disposal of these materials before you make the switch, or all the time, effort and money you spend will end up having zero positive effect on the environment.

If the materials are just going to end up in a landfill, then switching to biodegradable plastic is pointless, it can take many decades for these materials to completely break down
and become compost in a landfill.

For decomposition to take place the biodegradable materials need sunlight and oxygen. In a landfill, the process of decomposition gets even slower. This is because of the lack of exposure to elements of sunlight and oxygen. Hence, the process happens much more slowly.

Many bioplastics or biodegradable plastics also require high heat to break down (around 50 degrees Celsius), and the materials might not reach the temperatures they need to
degrade in a landfill.

Not All Municipalities Support Switching to Biodegradable Plastic

Take Toronto, for example, Many biodegradable plastics, such as polylactide acid (PLA), are not accepted in the City of Toronto’s Green Bin organics program. This is because the
the municipality uses a hydro pulper to separate all types of plastic and any other materials that can’t be processed using their system.

To make matters worse, a biodegradable plastic-like PLA isn’t even accepted in the city’s recycling stream as it degrades the quality of products when mixed with conventional plastics.

The Takeaway

Bioplastics and biodegradable plastics are a great option if they can and will be disposed of properly.

If you’re spending more money serving your food and drinks using biodegradable products with the intention to do well for the environment, you should be getting what you pay for. So make sure you ask first. Become aware, Check with your local waste management system and/or your private waste hauler to find out if they will accept biodegradable plastic
materials, or if they will simply be separated as residue to be sent to a landfill.

Biodegradable plastics are innovative and useful materials, but should only be used when they can be properly managed post-disposal, with minimal environmental impact. Otherwise, you’re just throwing money onto the trash heap.

Courtesy: Restaurants Canada